Ba injeniyeri, abafatanyabikorwa mu gutanga amasoko, n'abafata ingingo za tekiniki:
Mu biganiro vyacu vy'ubuhinga vya misi yose, ikibazo tubazwa kenshi si "Igiciro ni ikihe?" ariko ahubwo ngo: «Uyu murongo wo gukingira uzomara ryari mu vy’ukuri?»
Abakiriya benshi barahuye n’iki kibazo: igipimo kigaragaza ko gipfutse neza mu gihe c’igerageza, ariko kigatangura gusohoka amazi canke umuyaga inyuma y’amezi atatu gikoreshwa; canke, naho ubukomezi buhuye n’ibisabwa vyategekanijwe, iyo umuntu asenyuye, haraboneka ivyiyumviro bidashobora gusubira inyuma. Imizi y’ivyo bintu vyose iri mu bintu vy’umubiri vy’ishimikiro kuruta ibindi vyose mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bw’imipira – Compression Set (CS).
Uyu musi, tuzorenga ivyiyumviro bitaboneka, dutangurire ku minyororo y’ibihimba vy’umubiri n’imiterere y’ibihimba vy’umubiri, dusenyure ingingo ngenderwako zishingiyeko zigena ubushobozi bwo gukingira.
I. Gusubira gusura "Uguhinduka kw'ibihe bidahera"
Mu bijanye n’ivyuma vy’ifu, ubushobozi bwo gukingira burangana n’ugukomera; ubushobozi bwo gukingira na bwo nyene bungana n’ubushobozi bwo kunanira uguhinduka kw’ibintu kubera ugukomera.
Ihinduka ry’umubiri rihoraho ry’ugukomera ryerekeye ku rugero rw’ihinduka ry’umubiri igipimo c’igerageza gisanzwe kidashobora gusubirana inyuma yo gukurwako, iyo igipimo gikomeye ku rugero runaka (nk’akarorero, 25% canke 50%) ku bushuhe bumwe bumwe (nk’akarorero, degre 100 ) mu kiringo kinaka (nk’akarorero, amasaha 22 canke amasaha 72). Agaciro gatoyi k’iyi parametere kerekana igipimo kinini c’ugufata ibintu mu buryo bukomeye kandi n’ingorane zo gusohoka zigabanutse.
Igihe habaye uguhinduka gukomeye guhoraho, vyerekana:
Ivyuka vy’uguhagarika umubabaro: Inkomezi zo gufata ku nzira y’ugufatanya zigabanuka zigaca zigwa munsi y’inguvu z’imbere ziri hagati.
Guhingura imirongo mito mito: ugucagura canke ugusenyuka kw’ibihengeri, bikavamwo imirongo y’amazi ihuriye hamwe.
Gusanasana kenshi: Amabouti ategerezwa gukomezwa ubudasiba kugira ngo ashobore gusubiza inyuma ivyo atakaza kubera umubabaro.
II. Ibipimo bine bikomeye bigena iherezo ry'uguhinduka
Inkurikizi y'uguhinduka kw'ibihimba vy'umubiri ntiterwa n'ikintu kimwe, ahubwo igereranya igikorwa gikomeye c'ubuhinga butunganye. Twarashize iyo nzira mu nzego zine zitandukanye, kuva ku rugero rwa microscope gushika ku rugero rwa macroscope:
1. Igikoresho: Inguvu z'urukino rw'imiterere y'imiterere
Ivyo ni vyo bituma habaho uguhinduka kw’ibintu, bigenwa n’umupira w’amaguru w’ibara ry’agahama n’uburyo bwo kwongerako.
Guhitamwo igiti c’umupira (base polymer): Ivyo birimwo vinyl n’ugusangira uburemere bw’amamolekule biragira ico bikoze ku buremere bw’ugufatanya. Igikapu c’imipira gifise uburemere bwinshi cane kigaragaza ukuntu iminyororo y’ibihimba vy’umubiri ifatanya cane, ivyo bikaba bituma iyo minyororo igora gunyerera mu gihe c’ugufatanya; ivyo bituma iyo nzira y’uguhinduka ubudasiba akenshi iba irenze urugero.
Uburyo bwo gukomeza no gukoranya: Hariho "ibara ry'inzahabu" mu rugero rw'ibikoresho bitera umuriro. Naho igikoresho co gutera ivyatsi kirenze urugero kirushiriza gukomera, birashobora gutuma iminyororo y’ibihimba vy’umubiri ikomera cane maze igabanura ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhinduranya, gutyo bikagira ingaruka mbi ku bushobozi bwo guhangana n’urushe rwo gukomera.
Guhuza ibintu bitera ifu: Igitigiri c’ifu kigomba guhuzwa n’igipimo c’ugutera ifu. Iyo gutera ifu bishitse vyihuta cane ata n’imwe ihagije y’uguhuza, inkuta z’ibibumbano zizoba zito cane kandi zizoca zitabuka ubwo nyene iyo zifatanye; iyo cross-linking ibaye vuba cane mu gihe ivyuka bicerezwa, ibibumbano ntibizoshobora kwaguka bimwe bishitse, bikavamwo igipimo c'ingingo z'umubiri zipfutse zidahagije.
2. Ubuhinga buto: Uburebure bw'ibitoke bufunze-ubunini bw'ibitoke n'ubunini bw'ibitoke
Ico ni co kibanza nyamukuru c’intambara aho silikoni y’ifu itandukanye na silikoni ikomeye.
Igihugu ciza: Igishushanyo c'ubuki kimwe, ciza-gifise igitigiri kinini c'ingingo zifunze-. Iyo iyo gazi iri mu ngingo zipfutse ikoreshejwe mu gukomantaza, irakurikiza itegeko rya Boyle (P1V1=P2V2), igatanga infashanyo y’umuyaga ituma izo ngingo zisubira inyuma ningoga iyo zisohotse umukazo.
Ivyuma bifise ubumuga: Iyo ubunini bw’ivyuma butaringaniye (haba hariho ivyuma vyugarijwe canke vyuguruye), umubabaro wo gufatanya uzokwibanda ku vyuma binini kuruta ibindi vyose. Ivyo bice bigoyagoya bimaze guhinduka canke guca ibice, igipimo c’ugufatanya kw’igice cose c’umusaraba-kizozimangana ubuziraherezo.
3. Ivyerekeye ibikorwa: Ingaruka z'ugukura ziterwa n'ubushuhe n'ivy'itangazamakuru-
Ivyo ni ikintu co hanze kandi ni co gituma habaho ukunanirwa kwinshi ku rubuga.
Ugukura kw’ubushuhe-: Ubushuhe bwinshi bwihuta gucapura kw’umugongo w’ivyuma vy’i silikoni. Igihe kirenze, uruhande rw’ibintu rurakomera, kandi uburemere bw’umusaraba-w’imbere burahinduka, bikaba bituma habaho uguruhuka gukomeye kw’imibabaro. Ku 150℃, igipimo c’uguhinduka kw’ibintu vy’i silikoni isanzwe gishobora kuba incuro 3–5 z’ivyo umuntu abona mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba.
Compression ratio setting: It is generally recommended that the compression ratio be between 15% and 25%. An excessively high compression ratio (>30%) bizojanjagura ata guca ku ruhande utunogo tw’ingingo, biteze ingorane zidashobora gusubirwamwo ku mubiri; igipimo c’ugufatanya kiri hasi cane kizonanirwa gushinga umukazo w’igipimo c’ugufunga c’intango.
4. Uburyo bwo gukomerekera: Gutsindwa ku mubiri mu gihe c’ugufatanya
Mu gihe c’imikorosikope, ukunanirwa kw’ugufatanya bikubiyemwo inzira zitatu:
Icigwa ca mbere (Gas Escape): Ukwiyongera kw’inguvu bukwi na bukwi gutuma gazi iri mu mwobo yugarijwe ihunga biciye mu binogo bitobito biri mu ruhome rw’ibibumbano.
Icigwa ca II (Ugupfunyariza Uruhome rw’Ibibumbano): Uruhome rw’ibibumbano, rujanye n’inzira y’ugufatanya, rugira ibipfunsi bihoraho mu gihe c’inguvu z’ugukemurwa.
Icigwa ca III (Ugucabuka kw’uruhome rw’ibibumbano): Uruhome rw’ibibumbano, ruri ku ruhande rw’inzira y’ugufatanya, ruratabuka kubera gukura cane; ivyobo vy’ibibumbano biri hafi biraheza bikaja hamwe, bikagira umusaduka munini cane.
III. Inyobora yo kwirinda imitego isanzwe igihe uhitamwo ibintu
Nk'umukoresha, ntidusaba ko abakiriya bibanda gusa ku "agaciro" kari muri raporo y'ikigeragezo; ahubwo, bakwiye kwitwararika "agaciro kari mu mice nyayo y'ibikorwa." Akira impanuro zitatu ngirakamaro:
Gusaba "inyuma-ugukura" amakuru, aho gusaba "isuzuma rya mbere" amakuru.
Turagusavye urabe amakuru y’uguhinduka kw’ibihimba vy’umubiri bihoraho vyaronswe inyuma yo gukura ku bushuhe bwa degre 150 mu kiringo c’amasaha 72 canke ku bushuhe bwa degre 225 mu kiringo c’amasaha 24, nk’uko vyatanzwe n’uwubitanga. Gukora neza mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba ntibituma umuntu aguma ahagaze mu bushuhe bwinshi.
Gusuzuma "uguruhuka kw'umubabaro"
Ihinduka ry’umubiri rihoraho ry’ugukomera ni ikintu kidahinduka, mu gihe ugusubira inyuma kw’imibabaro ari igikorwa gihinduka. Igihe ibintu vyemewe, uwugurisha akwiye gusabwa gutanga umurongo werekana ingene inguvu zikoreshwa zibora uko igihe kigenda kirarenga ku rugero rw’ugukomera rutomoye. Igitereko giteye igomwe kigaragaza ubuzima buramba bwo gukingira.
Gukura ubukomezi n'uburemere buva ku mibereho y'ibikorwa:
Igitutu gito-, ikidodo kidahinduka (nk’akarorero, uburinzi bw’inkungugu ku bikoresho vy’umuco): Ibikoresho vy’uburemere buke-, vyinshi-bisubira inyuma (uburemere 0.35–0.45 g/cm3) birashobora gutorwa.
Ivyuma vyinshi -, ibikorwa vyo gukingira (nk’akarorero, amabateri y’ububasha): Ni vyiza gukoresha ibikoresho bifise uburemere buringaniye -kugeza kuri-bukomeye cane n’igipimo kinini c’utugingo ngengabuzima twifunze (uburemere: 0.5–0.7 g/cm3), no gushiramwo ubuhinga bubereye.
Nk’umucuruzi w’Abashinwa azwi cane mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa silikoni y’ifu, agaciro kacu kararenga gusa gutanga uruzitiro rw’ibipande vyo gukingira; ni mu kuguha umuti wo gukingira "ubuntu" mu kiringo cose c'ubuzima – bishikwako biciye mu gutuma ibintu bigenda neza (gutuma ibintu bigenda neza (gutuma ibintu bihuza neza) no kugenzura neza ibikorwa (gutuma ibintu bimera neza).
Niba uriko urarondera ibikoresho vyo gukingira bibereye mu bihe vy’ibikorwa vyihariye-nk’ubushuhe buke cane, imishwarara y’umuco w’izuba, canke ukunyiganyiga kw’incuro nyinshi-ndagusavye ntutinye kutumenyesha igihe cose. Turashobora gutanga amakuru y'ubuhanuzi bw'uguhinduka kw'ibintu ahuye n'igipimo c'ugukomera kwawe n'ubushuhe usabwa, bikagufasha kugabanya ingorane zijanye n'uguhingura-biciye ku makuru-ashingiye ku bumenyi.