Abahinga benshi bakora ubushakashatsi n’iterambere canke gucungera uburyo, birashoboka ko bahuye n’ico kibazo igihe bakora igenzura ry’uburyo bwinjira (IQC). Maze kuyisubiramwo incuro zibiri, nizera ko isaba gusuzuma mu buryo burambuye.
None "ukwigaragaza" bisobanura iki? Yoba yerekeza ku kuntu yumva ikora ku mubiri mu gihe c’ubwubatsi canke ku nkomezi z’ubuhinga imaze gukira ubwa nyuma?
None itandukaniro riri irihe? 5% canke 50%?
Ata mipaka y'ingero n'ibintu vyihariye vyo gukoresha, iki kibazo ntigishobora kwishurwa gusa ngo "egome" canke "oya." Rero, tuzogenda tuvuye mu nzira y'ubuhinga kugira ngo dusuzume neza ikibazo c'"uguhinduka kw'uburemere bw'ivyuma." Ico dukwiye gusuzuma ni nimba iyo mpinduka iva ku gukevya mu buryo bwo kugerageza canke ku guhinduka kw’ibikoresho -n’ingorane zo kunanirwa izo guhinduka zishobora gutera ku murongo w’ibikorwa.
01 Kamere y'uburemere
Ariko nitwafata uburyo butandukanye bwo kubona ibintu maze tukazirikana isi y’ibintu bifise ubuzima butoyi cane, uburemere bw’ibintu ni ikintu gikomeye cane. Uburemere bw’ibikoresho vy’amapolymere buva ahanini ku bintu bibiri: ica mbere, ni ugukorana kw’ibice bibiri hagati y’iminyororo y’ibinyabuzima (harimwo inguvu za van der Waals, imigenderanire y’iyidrojeni, eka mbere n’ibihe vy’ibinyabuzima bibiri biva ku gukwiragira kw’ibicu vy’ama elegitoroni bitaringaniye vy’igihe gito); ica kabiri, ni ugufatanya kw’umubiri gusanzwe mu miterere y’uruzitiro rurerure- rw’ibihimba vy’umubiri, bisa n’uruzitiro ruzitiye ruboshe mu kirere cose. Iyo dukoresheje inguvu zikomeye cane-nk’inkomezi zivuye ku nzira y’ugutanga canke inguvu z’ugukemura ku nzira y’ugupima -kugira ngo dutere umuvuduko, mu vy’ukuri tuba turiko turakora igikorwa c’ubuhinga kugira ngo tuneshe izo nzira z’umuyagankuba ziri hagati y’ibihimba vy’umubiri maze tuce muri izo nzira z’umubiri.
"Inguvu z'ugushikana kw'imbere" ziterwa n'uru ruzitiro rw'ibihimba mu gihe c'ugunyerera ni ikimenyetso c'uburemere bw'uburemere. Ku bw’ivyo, uburemere bw’ibintu si ikintu kimwe kigaragara ku bijanye n’ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri, ahubwo ni ikintu kigaragaza neza imiterere y’ibihimba vyavyo be n’ingene bikorana hagati y’ibihimba vy’umubiri.
Ivyo kandi birasigura igituma uburemere bw’ibintu bushobora gushikirwa cane n’ibintu nk’ubushuhe, urugero rw’ugukemura, n’igihe-kubera ko ivyo bipimo bihindura ata guca ku ruhande ukuntu amamoleke agenda n’ingene afatanye.
02 Ugushira ahabona amakuru kenshi kuva ku kudahuza neza imbibe z’ibigeragezo.
Tugarutse ku vyo uwo mugenziwe yabajije, ivyo bice bibiri vy’ivyuma bifatanya vyerekana uburemere butandukanye. Imbere y’uko twikeka ko hariho utunenge tw’ibintu, dutegerezwa ubwa mbere gukuraho ukuntu uburyo bwo gupima bushobora gutera ingorane. Kubera ko amazi menshi y'amapolimere atari -amazi ya Newton, ashiraho amategeko akomeye cane y'imipaka ku bijanye n'igerageza.
Isano ry’ibiharuro hagati y’ubushuhe n’ugutembera kw’ibice vy’uruzitiro rw’ibinyabuzima bikurikira urugero rw’ibiharuro (bihuye n’itegeko ry’ivya Arrhenius). Mu bihe vyinshi, ubushuhe bwo hagati mu kibanza co kubikamwo ibintu bifatanya ni degre 20 , mu gihe ubushuhe bwo mu cumba co gupima ni degre 25 .
Iyo igipimo kitashizwe mu buringanire bubereye bw’ubushuhe mu bwogero bw’ubushuhe buhoraho inyuma yo gufata igipimo (ivyo bikaba bisaba iminota irenga 30), amakuru yagereranywa azokwerekana ata kabuza ukunyuranya gukomeye. Uguhinduka kw’ubushuhe ku rugero rwa degre 1 bishobora gutuma uburemere bw’amazi buhinduka kuva kuri 5% gushika kuri 10%.
Shear Rate: Ivyiyumviro vyinshi vyo kugenzura uburyo birengagiza ukuntu ikigereranyo c’uruzitiro n’umuvuduko w’uruzitiro bihuye igihe bagereranya ibice. Amazi y'ivyuma yerekana akaranga "inyifato yo gucapura-guceceka."
Uko umuvuduko w’uguzunguruka urushiriza kuba munini, ni ko n’urugero iminyororo y’ibihimba vy’umubiri igenda ihinduka kandi igafungurwa ku nguvu, ivyo bikaba bituma uburemere buboneka bugereranywa bugabanuka. Igihambaye cane, iyo umuntu asuzuma amazi atari -Newton, akarongo k’uburemere ku muvuduko umwe w’uguzunguruka akenshi nta co kamaze; ivyo bikwiye kugereranywa ni "imirongo y'uburemere bw'ugukemurwa–uburemere bw'ugukemurwa" iboneka ku bipimo bitandukanye vy'ugukemurwa.
Igihe (Thixotropy): Mu mirongo irimwo ibintu bitera thixotropy nk’ivyo bita fumed silica, uruzitiro rw’imigenderanire y’iyidrojeni rurahingura imbere mu gihe umuntu aruhutse (bituma habaho uburemere bwinshi), mu gihe urwo ruzitiro ruhungabana mu gihe c’ugucika intege (bituma habaho uburemere buke).
Ivyo bisa n’aho abantu babiri bariko barahiganwa mw’isiganwa ry’amametero 100-: umwe aherutse gususurutsa umubiri kandi afise umubiri mwiza, uwundi na we akaba amaze kwiruka amarushanwa atanu akurikiranye kandi umubiri wabo utarasubirana imbere y’uko agerageza uwa gatandatu. Itandukaniro ryabonetse mu bisubizo vya nyuma rishobora kutagaragaza itandukaniro nyaryo mu bushobozi ariko ryoshobora gusa kuva ku guhinduka mu mibereho yabo imbere y'-ikigeragezo. Iyo igihe c’imbere yo -gukata canke igihe co kuruhuka co gukira gitandukanye hagati y’imigwi ibiri y’ibipimo imbere y’uko bigeragezwa, ivyo bisomwa bizotandukana mu buryo busanzwe. Ni ngombwa rero gusobanura neza imbere yo kugerageza igihe c’imbere y’ugukata gikwiye kuba kirekire n’igihe ingero zikwiye gufatwa. Iyo ata gihe gitunganijwe neza, amakuru ntashobora kugereranywa neza.
03 Ni igiki gifise itandukaniro rikomeye ryobonwa ko ridasanzwe? Ni ryari vyoshobora kugira ico bikoze ku kintu?
Bitegerezwa mbere kwemerwa ko igikorwa co gukora polymérisation ubwaco ari ikintu gisanzwe, bikaba bituma bidashoboka gusaba ko uburemere bw’ibihimba vy’umubiri bugabanywa mu buryo bumwe mu bice vyose vy’ibintu bifatanya.
Ivyerekeye inganda zisanzwe vyerekana ko uguhinduka kw’uburemere bw’ibintu biri hagati ya ±10% na ±15% bigwa mu mipaka isanzwe yo kwihanganira.
Iyo ukunyuranya kurenze 20%–30%, kwiyubara ni ngombwa-ivyo vyerekana ingorane zishobora kubaho ku bijanye n’umugwi w’ivyuma vy’ishimikiro canke ugushira hamwe kw’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Ni ingaruka izihe mwene ukwo gukevya kwoshobora kugira?
Bivana n’idirisha ry’imigenderanire yawe. Iyo ukoresheje ivyuma bifatanya n’amaboko canke mu buryo bwikora, itandukaniro ry’uburemere bwa 20% rishobora kugira ico rihinduye ku kuntu uwubikoresha abona ivyuma ariko ntibigira ico bikoze ku nkomezi z’ubufatanye bwa nyuma.
Ku mirongo y’ugutanga amazi yikora, uguhinduka kw’uburemere bw’amazi biragira ico bikoze ata guca ku ruhande ku rugero rw’ibintu bifatanya. Mu bihe vy’umukazo n’igihe bisa, uburemere bwinshi burashobora kubuza ivyuma bifatanya gutemba neza canke bigatuma habaho imirongo; n’uburemere buke bushobora gutuma ivyuma bifatanya bigenda birasenyuka canke bikakwiragira ata co bigamije. Ivyo birashobora guhungabanya umuziki wo gukora. Ikintu gihambaye cane kiri mu gutobera neza interface.
Ukwongerekana kw’uburemere bigabanya uburemere bw’amazi, bikaba bibuza ko ivyuma bifatanya bishobora kwinjira neza mu gice c’imbere c’ivyuma bikomeye cane. Naho biboneka iyo bikoreshejwe, hariho ubusa bwinshi butoya cane ku nzira y’imbere. Mu gihe umuntu afise umubabaro, ingorane yo gusenyuka kw’ibihimba vy’umubiri iraduga cane. Itangazo: Umufasha w'Ibiro vya WorkBuddy AI – gukoresha-ku buntu kandi biteguye-ku-gukoresha. Gerageza WorkBuddy ubu. Vyongeye, ugusenyuka kw’ibibumbano birashobora kubaho. Ukwongerekana kw’uburemere bigabanya uburemere bw’amazi, bikaba bibuza ko ivyuma bifatanya bishobora kwinjira neza mu gice c’imbere c’ivyuma gikomeye cane. Naho biboneka iyo bikoreshejwe, hariho ubusa bwinshi butoya cane ku nzira y’imbere. Mu gihe umuntu afise umubabaro, ingorane yo gusenyuka kw’ibihimba vy’umubiri iraduga cane. Itangazo: Umufasha w'Ibiro vya WorkBuddy AI – gukoresha-ku buntu kandi biteguye-ku-gukoresha. Gerageza WorkBuddy ubu. Vyongeye, ugusenyuka kw’ibibumbano birashobora kubaho.
Iyo uburemere bw’ivyo bifatanya n’ivyo kwuzuza bugenda buragwira, utuvungukira dutoduto twinjira mu gihe co gutera canke kwuzuza biragora gukuraho. No mu bihe vy’ubusa, uburyo bw’uburemere bwinshi-bukunda gufata ivyo bibumbano. Iyo zikize, izo nkoko zica zihinduka ibibanza vy’imibabaro, ivyo mu bikorwa vy’umuyagankuba vy’umuriro mwinshi bishobora gutuma habaho ugusohoka kw’igice canke gusenyuka.
[Ingingo ishingiye ku buhinga-Uburyo bwo gufata] Ehe intambwe zitatu -iz'urubanza rushingiye ku buhinga{3}}:
1. Ubwa mbere, numenyeshe nimba ukutumvikana ari ukuri .
Ivyiyumviro bibiri vyagereranywa igihe kimwe hakoreshejwe igipimo kimwe c’uburemere bw’amazi, igipimo c’uburemere bw’amazi, umuvuduko w’uguzunguruka, ubushuhe, hamwe n’igihe co kuruhuka n’igihe co gucapura bisa. Iyo itandukaniro riri munsi ya 15%, birashoboka cane ko ari uguhinduka gusanzwe. Iyo itandukaniro rirenze 20%, hakwiye gukorwa ibindi bipimo.
2. Ubu rero reka dusubire kuraba idirisha ryawe ry'imigenderanire
Igerageza ku murongo w’uguhingura: menya umuvuduko w’umuyaga uriho ubu, igihe co gukoresha, umurongo w’urushinge rw’ibikoresho vyo gutanga, n’urugero rw’uburemere bwemewe.
Nk’akarorero, nimba igikoresho cawe kiguma gitanga ivyuma bifatanya mu rugero rw’uburemere bwa ±15%, uguhinduka kw’ibice ntikuzogira ico gukoze ku bikorwa. Ariko rero, nimba idirisha ryo kwihanganira ari rito, ukwiye kwemeranya n’uwuguha ibikoresho ku ngingo ngenderwako zikomeye zo kugenzura ibice.
3. Ubwa nyuma, suzuma uburyo bwo kunanirwa .
Iyo igicuruzwa amaherezo giciye mu bigeragezo vy’ibikorwa (nk’akarorero, inkomezi zo gucapura, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umukazo, gukura) inyuma y’uguhinduka kw’uburemere bw’ibintu, vyerekana ko ivyo bihinduka bigwa mu mipaka yemewe. Iyo umugwi ugaragaza ubutobe bubi canke ibibumbano bisigaye, subiramwo amahinduka yihariye y’uburemere maze ushireho ibipimo vy’ubugenzuzi bw’imbere. Naho uburemere bushikamye ari bwiza, ikintu gihambaye cane ni ugushikama kwayo guhagije mu gihe c’imibereho yawe yihariye y’uguhingura.
Kugira ngo usesengure ikibazo mu buryo butunganye, banza ukureho amakosa yo gupima, hanyuma ugereranye ibipimo vy’imigenderanire biri mu rugero rwiza, hanyuma uhereze ivyo bimenyetso bihuze n’ibigereranyo vy’ukunanirwa vy’ukuri-ubu buryo burabuza kuzimizwa n’agaciro kamwe k’umubare. Niba kandi warahuye n’ukudahuza hagati y’ibice bibiri vy’amakuru y’ivyuma canke ibiharuro vy’ugutanga bidahuye ku murongo w’uguhingura, kurikiza ubu buryo.